A roughness map varies microsurface roughness across a material; low values produce sharper reflections and high values spread them more broadly.

Low value
Sharper reflection
High value
Broader reflection
Data type
Non-color / linear
glTF packing
Green channel

Read response, not just grayscale

The same gray value can feel different depending on normal detail, metallic state, light size, and environment contrast. Rotate the lighting when evaluating it.

Packed textures need correct channels

glTF commonly packs roughness into the green channel of a metallic-roughness texture. Importers must preserve the channel assignment and treat it as linear data.